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Handshake

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the telecommunications concept, see <a href="Handshake_(computing)" title="Handshake (computing)">Handshake (computing)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Handshake_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Handshake (disambiguation)">Handshake (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

A handshake is a globally widespread, brief <a href="Greeting" title="Greeting">greeting</a> or <a href="Parting_tradition" title="Parting tradition">parting tradition</a> in which two people grasp one of each other's hands, and in most cases, it is accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. Customs surrounding handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less likely to shake hands, or there may be different customs about how or when to shake hands.<a href="#cite_note-germ-latimes-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-germ-abcnews-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-germ-cbc-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The handshake may have originated in <a href="Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a> as a demonstration of peaceful intent, since it shows that the hand holds no weapon.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Another possibility is that it originated as a symbolic gesture of mutual commitment to an oath or promise: two hands clasping each other represents the sealing of a bond. One of the earliest known depictions of a handshake is an ancient Assyrian relief of the 9th century BC depicting the Assyrian king <a href="Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a> clasping the hand of the Babylonian king <a href="Marduk-zakir-shumi_I" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi I">Marduk-zakir-shumi I</a> to seal an alliance.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

Archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that handshaking was practiced in <a href="Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> (where it was called <a href="Dexiosis" title="Dexiosis">dexiosis</a>) as early as the 5th century BC. For example, a depiction of two soldiers joining hands can be found on part of a 5th-century BC funerary <a href="Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> that is on display in Berlin's <a href="Pergamon_Museum" title="Pergamon Museum">Pergamon Museum</a> (stele SK1708)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and on other funerary steles, such as one from the 4th century BC that depicts Thraseas and his wife Euandria shaking hands.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

Depictions of handshakes also appear in <a href="Archaic_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek">Archaic Greek</a>, <a href="Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> and Roman funerary and non-funerary art.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Muslim scholars have written that the custom of handshaking was introduced to them by the people of Yemen.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_customs">Modern customs</h2></div>

There are various customs surrounding handshakes, both generally and specific to certain cultures:

The handshake is commonly done upon meeting, <a href="Greeting" title="Greeting">greeting</a>, parting, offering congratulations, expressing <a href="Gratitude" title="Gratitude">gratitude</a>, or as a public sign of completing a business or diplomatic <a href="Contract" title="Contract">agreement</a>. In <a href="Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>, it is also done as a sign of good <a href="Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">sportsmanship</a>. Its purpose is to convey trust, <a href="Respect" title="Respect">respect</a>, balance, and equality.<a href="#cite_note-GQ-10">[10]</a> If it is done to form an agreement, the agreement is not official until the hands are parted.

Unless health issues or local <a href="Tradition" title="Tradition">customs</a> dictate otherwise, a handshake is made usually with bare hands. It depends on the situation.<a href="#cite_note-Emily_Post-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_geographic_location">By geographic location</h3></div>

<ul><li>In <a href="English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglophone</a> countries, handshaking is common in business situations. In casual non-business situations, men are more likely to shake hands than women.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li>

<li>In the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a traditional handshake is firm, executed with the right hand, with good posture and eye contact. A handshake where both parties are <a href="Standing" title="Standing">standing up</a> is deemed as good <a href="Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li><a href="Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a> shake hands when meeting, often including with children.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>In the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, handshakes are done more often, especially on meeting.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, the final step in <a href="Danish_nationality_law#Naturalisation_as_a_Danish_citizen" title="Danish nationality law">acquiring</a> Danish citizenship is a ceremony at which a handshake with a local official is specifically required (gloves may not be worn).<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, where a firm handshake is preferred, people most often shake hands when agreeing on deals, in private and business relations.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>In Russia, a handshake is performed between men and rarely performed by women.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, it may be expected to shake the women's hands first.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, handshakes are standard among Jews (other than ultra-religious Jews, between genders), but not among Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li>In some countries such as Turkey or the <a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>-speaking <a href="Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, handshakes are not as firm as in the West. Consequently, a grip that is too firm is rude.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li><a href="Moroccans" title="Moroccans">Moroccans</a> will give a soft handshake to someone of the same gender, along with one kiss on each cheek (lips don't touch the cheek unless they are family).<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The handshake may be followed by lightly touching one's heart with one's right hand.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, handshakes are the most common greetings between men, optionally followed by a kiss on the cheek if the two parties have a close relationship.  Traditionally, a woman needs to wait for the man to present his hand for the handshake. Women usually greet each other with hugs and a kiss on the cheek.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="China" title="China">China</a>, age is considered important in handshake etiquette, and older people should be greeted with a handshake before others.<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[25]</a> A weak handshake is also preferred, but people shaking hands often hold on to each other's hands for an extended period after the initial handshake.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>In Japan, there is not a tradition of shaking hands and it is preferred to formally <a href="Bowing" title="Bowing">bow</a> to each other (with hands open by their sides). Japanese people may greet foreigners with a handshake; foreigners are advised to let Japanese people initiate any handshakes, and a weak handshake is preferred.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a> An exception are so-called <a href="Handshake_event" title="Handshake event">handshake events</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, a senior person will initiate a handshake, which is preferred to be weak. It is a sign of respect to grasp the right arm with the left hand when shaking hands. It is considered disrespectful to put the free hand in one's pocket while shaking hands.<a href="#cite_note-Handshakes-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Bowing is the preferred and conventional way of greeting a person in Korea.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, handshaking is only done if the traditional <a href="Thai_greeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai greeting">wai</a> is not offered. When a person offers a wai, placing their palms together at chest level and bowing, this is then returned, with men saying “Sawadee-krap” and women saying “Sawadee-kah” (both mean “Hello").<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[25]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="Greater_India" title="Greater India">several nearby countries</a>, the respectful <a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a> gesture, sometimes combined with a slight bow, is traditionally used in place of handshakes. Handshakes are preferred in business and other formal settings.</li>

<li>In some areas of <a href="Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, handshakes are continually held to show that the conversation is between the two talking. If they are not shaking hands, others are permitted to enter the conversation.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li><a href="Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Masai</a> men in Africa greet one another by a subtle touch of palms of their hands for a very brief moment of time.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, the <a href="Liberian_snap_handshake" title="Liberian snap handshake">snap handshake</a> is customary in which the two shakers snap their fingers against each other at the conclusion of the handshake.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, it is considered rude to use the left hand during a handshake. While greeting the elderly or a person in authority, it is also customary to accompany the handshake with a bow and the left hand supporting the right.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, it is considered rude to use one's left hand as it is a hand designated for unclean duties. A medium to soft handshake grip is sufficient, since gripping too hard could be considered rude or an act of aggression.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div>

<ul><li>Related to a handshake but more casual, some people prefer a <a href="Fist_bump" title="Fist bump">fist bump</a>. Typically the fist bump is done with a clenched hand. Only the knuckles of the hand are typically touched to the knuckles of the other person's hand. Unlike the formality of a handshake, the fist bump is typically not used to seal a business deal or in formal business settings.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li>

<li>The hand hug is a type of handshake popular with politicians, as it can present them as being warm, friendly, trustworthy and honest. This type of handshake involves covering the clenched hands with the remaining free hand, creating a sort of "cocoon".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li>

<li>In the sport of <a href="Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>, after the <a href="Olha_Kharlan" class="mw-redirect" title="Olha Kharlan">Olga Kharlan handshaking incident</a> in 2023, the <a href="International_Fencing_Federation" title="International Fencing Federation">International Fencing Federation</a> changed its rules so that the previously required handshakes between fencers at the end of a bout would become optional, with a distance greeting permitted instead.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germ_spreading">Germ spreading</h2></div>

Handshakes are known to spread a number of <a href="Microbial" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbial">microbial</a> <a href="Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a>. Certain diseases such as <a href="Scabies" title="Scabies">scabies</a> are known to spread most frequently through direct skin-to-skin contact. A medical study has found that <a href="Fist_bumps" class="mw-redirect" title="Fist bumps">fist bumps</a> and <a href="High_five" title="High five">high fives</a> spread fewer <a href="Pathogen" title="Pathogen">germs</a> than handshakes.<a href="#cite_note-germ-latimes-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-germ-abcnews-2">[2]</a> During the <a href="2009_H1N1_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 H1N1 pandemic">2009 H1N1 pandemic</a>, the dean of medicine at the <a href="University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a>, Tom Feasby, suggested that fist bumps may be a "nice replacement of the handshake" in an effort to prevent transmission of the virus.<a href="#cite_note-germ-cbc-3">[3]</a>

Following a 2010 study that showed that only about 40% of doctors and other health care providers complied with <a href="Hand_hygiene" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand hygiene">hand hygiene</a> rules in hospitals, Mark Sklansky, a doctor at <a href="UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> hospital, decided to test "a handshake-free zone" as a method for limiting the spread of germs and reducing the <a href="Transmission_of_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission of disease">transmission of disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> UCLA did not ban the handshakes outright, but rather suggested other options such as fist bumping, smiling, bowing, waving, and non-contact <a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a> gestures. Other sources suggest raised brows, <a href="Thai_greeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai greeting">wai bow</a>, two claps, hand over heart, <a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">sign language</a> wave, or the <a href="Shaka_sign" title="Shaka sign">shaka</a> sign.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

During the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, several countries and organisations adopted policies encouraging people to use alternative modes of greeting instead of a handshake.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Suggested alternatives included the <a href="Elbow_bump" title="Elbow bump">elbow bump</a>, the fist bump, foot tapping<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> or non-contact actions for <a href="Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a> purposes, such as <a href="Fist-and-palm" title="Fist-and-palm">fist-and-palm</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> or <a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">namaste</a> gesture.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Footshaking was also suggested.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemosignaling">Chemosignaling</h2></div>

It has been discovered as a part of research at Israel's <a href="Weizmann_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Weizmann Institute">Weizmann Institute</a> that human handshakes serve as a means of transferring social chemical signals between the shakers. It appears that there is a tendency to bring the shaken hands to the vicinity of the nose and smell them. They may serve an <a href="Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary</a> need to learn about the person whose hand was shaken, replacing a more overt sniffing behavior, as is common among animals and in certain human cultures (such as <a href="Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, Greenland or <a href="Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural</a> <a href="Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, where a quick sniff is part of the traditional greeting ritual).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_records">World records</h2></div>

In 1963, Lance Dowson shook 12,500 individuals' hands in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>10+1⁄2 hours, in Wrexham, N. Wales.

<a href="List_of_mayors_of_Atlantic_City%2C_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey Mayor</a> <a href="Joseph_Lazarow" title="Joseph Lazarow">Joseph Lazarow</a> was recognized by the <a href="Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> for a July 1977 publicity stunt, in which the mayor shook more than 11,000 hands in a single day, breaking the record previously held by President <a href="Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, who had set the record with 8,510 handshakes at a <a href="White_House" title="White House">White House</a> reception on January 1, 1907.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

On 27 May 2008, Kevin Whittaker and Cory Jens broke the Guinness World Record for the World's Longest Handshake (single hand) in <a href="San_Francisco%2C_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, by shaking hands for 9 hours and 30 minutes, besting the previous record of 9 hours and 19 minutes set in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> This record stood briefly until 16 August 2008 when Kirk Williamson and Richard McCulley were recognized by Guinness World Records for the longest time two people shook hands uninterruptedly for 10 hours at <a href="Aloha_Stadium" title="Aloha Stadium">Aloha Stadium</a> in <a href="Aiea%2C_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Aiea, Hawaii">Aiea, Hawaii</a>. On 21 September 2009, Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison then broke that record by shaking hands for 12 hours, 34 minutes and 56 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Their record was broken less than a month later in <a href="Claremont%2C_California" title="Claremont, California">Claremont, California</a>, when John-Clark Levin and George Posner shook hands for 15 hours, 15 minutes, and 15 seconds. The next month, on 21 November, Matthew Rosen and Joe Ackerman surpassed this feat, with a new world record time of 15 hours, 30 minutes and 45 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>

At 8 p.m. EST on Friday 14 January 2011 a new attempt at the longest hand-shake commenced in New York City's <a href="Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> and the existing record was broken by semi-professional world record-breaker <a href="Alastair_Galpin" title="Alastair Galpin">Alastair Galpin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>

On 29 January 2020, a new world record for the longest handshaking relay was set by approximately 1,817 people in <a href="Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates</a>, at <a href="Umm_Al_Emarat_Park" title="Umm Al Emarat Park">Umm Al Emarat Park</a> in an event organized by the Abu Dhabi Police to celebrate the 1 year anniversary of the signing of the <a href="Document_on_Human_Fraternity" title="Document on Human Fraternity">Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a> greeting an older man with slave carrying the <a href="Aspis" title="Aspis">aspis</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Funerary stele of Thrasea and Euandria. Marble, ca. 375–350 BC. <a href="Antikensammlung_Berlin" title="Antikensammlung Berlin">Antikensammlung Berlin</a>, <a href="Pergamon_Museum" title="Pergamon Museum">Pergamon Museum</a>, 738</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Antiochus_I_Theos_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus I Theos of Commagene">Antiochus I Theos of Commagene</a>, shaking hands with <a href="Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> 70–38 BC, <a href="Arsameia" title="Arsameia">Arsameia</a>.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">British and American troops shake hands on the Anzio Road during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</div>

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<ul><li><a href="Dap_greeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Dap greeting">Dap greeting</a></li>

<li><a href="Golden_handshake" title="Golden handshake">Golden handshake</a></li>

<li><a href="Greeting_habits" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeting habits">Greeting habits</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_C._Weaver" title="Richard C. Weaver">Handshake Man</a></li>

<li><a href="Holding_hands" title="Holding hands">Holding hands</a></li>

<li><a href="Scout_handshake" title="Scout handshake">Scout handshake</a></li>

<li><a href="Secret_handshake" title="Secret handshake">Secret handshake</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmission_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (medicine)">Transmission (medicine)</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/society/longest_Handshake_Team_New_Zealand_and_Team_Nepal_set_world_record_112070.html">"Longest Handshake: Team New Zealand and Team Nepal set world record"</a>. New York City: Worldrecordsacademy.org. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGalpin" class="citation web cs1">Galpin, Alastair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldrecordchase.com/achieved-records.html">"Records achieved"</a>. WorldRecordChase.com. Longest continuous handshake. Retrieved 4 September 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnz.co.nz//national-news/kiwis-break-world-record-handshake-4000587">"Kiwis break world record for a handshake"</a>. Television New Zealand Limited. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKumar" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, Ashwani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/abu-dhabi/video-human-chain-of-love-in-uae-sets-world-record">"Video: 'Human chain of love' in UAE sets world record"</a>. Khaleej Times. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Handshake" class="extiw external" title="commons:Handshake">Handshake</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

<li> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/handshake" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/handshake">handshake</a> at Wiktionary</li>

<li> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Handshake" class="extiw external" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Handshake">Handshake</a> at Wikiquote</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videacesky.cz/ostatni-zabavna-videa/gesta-napric-kulturami">Gesta napříč kulturami - Videacesky.cz</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Gestures201" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Gesture" title="Gesture">Gestures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friendly gestures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Applause" title="Applause">Applause</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycling_greetings" title="Motorcycling greetings">Biker wave</a></li>

<li><a href="Cheek_kissing" title="Cheek kissing">Cheek kiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Elbow_bump" title="Elbow bump">Elbow bump</a></li>

<li><a href="Eskimo_kiss" title="Eskimo kiss">Eskimo kiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_heart" title="Finger heart">Finger heart</a></li>

<li><a href="Forehead_kiss" title="Forehead kiss">Forehead kiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Hand_heart" title="Hand heart">Hand heart</a></li>

<li><a href="Hongi" title="Hongi">Hongi</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberian_snap_handshake" title="Liberian snap handshake">Liberian snap handshake</a></li>

<li><a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinky_swear" title="Pinky swear">Pinky swear</a></li>

<li><a href="Pound_hug" title="Pound hug">Pound hug</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaka_sign" title="Shaka sign">Shaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Thumb_signal" title="Thumb signal">Thumb signal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gestures of respect</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="A%C3%B1jali_Mudr%C4%81" title="Añjali Mudrā">Añjali Mudrā</a></li>

<li><a href="Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li>

<li><a href="Curtsy" title="Curtsy">Curtsy</a></li>

<li><a href="Gadaw" title="Gadaw">Gadaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li>

<li><a href="Kowtow" title="Kowtow">Kowtow</a></li>

<li><a href="Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li>

<li><a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li>

<li><a href="Bowing_in_Japan" title="Bowing in Japan">Ojigi</a></li>

<li><a href="Orans" title="Orans">Orans</a></li>

<li><a href="Pran%C4%81ma" title="Pranāma">Pranāma</a></li>

<li><a href="Prostration" title="Prostration">Prostration</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampeah" title="Sampeah">Sampeah</a></li>

<li><a href="Sembah" title="Sembah">Sembah</a></li>

<li><a href="Schwurhand" title="Schwurhand">Schwurhand</a></li>

<li><a href="Zolgokh" title="Zolgokh">Zolgokh</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Salute" title="Salute">Salutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bellamy_salute" title="Bellamy salute">Bellamy salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Scout_sign_and_salute" title="Scout sign and salute">Scout sign and salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-finger_salute_(Serbian)" title="Three-finger salute (Serbian)">Three-finger salute (Serbian)</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-finger_salute_(pro-democracy)" title="Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)">Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-finger_salute" title="Two-finger salute">Two-finger salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulcan_salute" title="Vulcan salute">Vulcan salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Wolf_salute" title="Wolf salute">Wolf salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Zogist_salute" title="Zogist salute">Zogist salute</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celebratory gestures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Applause" title="Applause">Applause</a></li>

<li><a href="Crossed_hands" title="Crossed hands">Crossed hands</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-clasping_handshake" title="Self-clasping handshake">Victory clasp</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Finger-counting" title="Finger-counting">Finger-counting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_number_gestures" title="Chinese number gestures">Chinese number gestures</a></li>

<li><a href="Chisanbop" title="Chisanbop">Chisanbop</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_binary" title="Finger binary">Finger binary</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Obscene_gesture" title="Obscene gesture">Obscene gestures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">Anasyrma</a></li>

<li><a href="Bras_d'honneur" title="Bras d'honneur">Bras d'honneur</a></li>

<li><a href="The_finger" title="The finger">Middle finger</a></li>

<li><a href="Mooning" title="Mooning">Mooning</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountza" title="Mountza">Mountza</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a></li>

<li><a href="V_sign#As_an_insult" title="V sign">Reversed V sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Shocker_(gesture)" title="Shocker (gesture)">Shocker</a></li>

<li><a href="Sign_of_the_horns" title="Sign of the horns">Sign of the horns</a></li>

<li><a href="OK_(gesture)" class="mw-redirect" title="OK (gesture)">Thumb/index-finger ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Wanker" title="Wanker">Wanker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Taunting" title="Taunting">Taunts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Akanbe" title="Akanbe">Akanbe</a></li>

<li><a href="Loser_(hand_gesture)" title="Loser (hand gesture)">Loser</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head motions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Head_bobble" title="Head bobble">Head bobble</a></li>

<li><a href="Head_shake" title="Head shake">Head shake</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other gestures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_quotes" title="Air quotes">Air quotes</a></li>

<li><a href="Allergic_salute" title="Allergic salute">Allergic salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Aussie_salute" title="Aussie salute">Aussie salute</a></li>

<li><a href="Awkward_turtle" title="Awkward turtle">Awkward turtle</a></li>

<li><a href="Crossed_fingers" title="Crossed fingers">Crossed fingers</a></li>

<li><a href="Distress_hand_signal" title="Distress hand signal">Distress signal</a></li>

<li><a href="Duterte_fist" title="Duterte fist">Duterte fist</a></li>

<li><a href="Eyelid_pull" title="Eyelid pull">Eyelid pull</a></li>

<li><a href="Facepalm" title="Facepalm">Facepalm</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_gun" title="Finger gun">Finger gun</a></li>

<li><a href="Hand-in-waistcoat" title="Hand-in-waistcoat">Hand-in-waistcoat</a></li>

<li><a href="Hand_rubbing" title="Hand rubbing">Hand rubbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_hands" title="Jazz hands">Jazz hands</a></li>

<li><a href="Laban_sign" title="Laban sign">Laban sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Merkel-Raute" title="Merkel-Raute">Merkel-Raute</a></li>

<li><a href="Pointing" title="Pointing">Pointing</a></li>

<li><a href="Pollice_verso" title="Pollice verso">Pollice verso</a></li>

<li><a href="Shrug" title="Shrug">Shrug</a></li>

<li><a href="Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lesser_sign_of_the_cross" title="Lesser sign of the cross">Lesser sign of the cross</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_gestures" title="List of gestures">List of gestures</a></li>

<li><a href="Articulatory_gestures" title="Articulatory gestures">Articulatory gestures</a></li>

<li><a href="Finger_pinching_conspiracy_theory" title="Finger pinching conspiracy theory">Finger pinching conspiracy theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li>

<li><a href="Manual_communication" title="Manual communication">Manual communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonverbal_communication" title="Nonverbal communication">Nonverbal communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata721" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata721" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7756832-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2003010820">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007535172105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/dd766dce-c1c2-46d2-9566-23e7c6090518">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Handshake&oldid=1296902834">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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